Finder pattern
Finder patterns are the three large nested squares in a QR code's corners that let a scanner locate and orient the code.
The three concentric squares in the top-left, top-right, and bottom-left corners are the finder patterns. A scanner spots them first, uses them to find the code in the camera frame, and works out its rotation and perspective from their positions. Smaller alignment patterns elsewhere help with bigger codes.
Because the finder patterns are structural, you can't recolor or cover them without breaking the scan. Design freedom lives in the data area and the center, not the corners. This is why a centered logo works (with enough error correction) but a logo over a corner does not.
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